Industrial Policy of Russia in the Context of Structural Transformation of the Economy in 2023 and in the Medium Term

The subject of the study is the transition of the Russian economy to a new industrial policy based on import substitution and orientation to domestic demand. The urgency of this task is due to the formation of a new industrial policy in the context of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy from Western countries. The purpose of the work is to develop proposals for the transition to a new model of the Russian economy based on national priorities for the development of industry and ensuring technological sovereignty. The study demonstrates Russia’s need to maintain the necessary level of industrial production and ensure its growth in mechanical engineering, machine tool construction, microelectronics in conditions of declining exports and inaccessibility of Western markets. The necessity of continuing the policy of import substitution of high technologies in the system–forming sectors of the economy; ensuring in 2023–2025 the priority of the national interests of Russian industry in new technological chains based on the investment model of development is shown.; formation of guaranteed demand for Russian industrial products through the creation of large infrastructure projects. It is established that the social obligations of the state should ensure an increase in the real disposable incomes of the population, which means consumer demand. It is determined that the main risk for the Russian economy will be the deterioration of the geopolitical situation in the world. Conclusions are drawn about the need to change the sectoral structure of the economy that meets national interests; reorientation of industrial relations to a closed cycle inside the country; development of industrial clusters and the involvement of small businesses in points of industrial growth and the conclusion of long-term contracts and orders with them; leadership of the defense complex in industry. 

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