The Duality of Modern Monetary Policy in Developed Countries
https://doi.org/10.26794/1999-849X-2025-18-1-41-52
Abstract
The object of the study is the monetary policies of developed countries (USA, EU, Great Britain and Japan).
The subject of the study is the toolkit of monetary policies implemented by developed countries, which are changing their direction from restrictive to expansionary vectors, since the effectiveness of unconventional monetary policy measures in modern conditions is highly questionable.
The objectives of the work are to identify the reasons for the change in the directions of monetary policies of developed countries in 2024 and to analyze their impact on national financial markets, economic growth and economic activity in general. The inflationary impact of monetary economic support measures adopted in difficult times has been confirmed, which continue to have an impact on developed countries to this day. The intensification of alternative investments in difficult geopolitical conditions was noted. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the need to change the direction of monetary policy in developed countries and transition to political duality.
About the Author
O. V. KhmyzRussian Federation
Olga V. Hmyz - Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Assoc. Prof. of Department of International Business
Moscow
References
1. Katasonov V. Yu., Bitkov V. P. Money, credit, banks and others. Moscow: Yurait Publishing House; 2024. 519 p. (In Russe).
2. Burlachkov V. K., Golovnin M. Yu., Tikhonov A. O. Tendencies of monetary sphere development and monetary policy of the central banks of leading countries. Vestnik Instituta ehkonomiki RAN = Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2017;(1):8–21. (In Russ.).
3. Chizhova M. K. Fundamentals of the interest rate formation. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo = Economics and entrepreneurship. 2021;(5):1241–1244. (In Russ.).
4. Burlachkov V. K. Modern interest rate policy and the phenomenon of negative interest rates. Digest Finance. 2017;22(4):392–399. DOI: 10.24891/df.22.4.392
5. Chizhova M. K. Negative interest rate: Modern perception. Finansovaya ekonomika = Financial economics. 2021;(6):252–256. (In Russ.).
6. Kiyotaki N., Moore J. Liquidity, business cycles, and monetary policy. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012. NBER Working Papers 17934.
7. Gorbacheva T. A. Features of monetary policy of foreign developed countries during the pandemic. Vestnik Universiteta = Bulletin of the University. 2020;(12):146–151. (In Russ.).
8. Khmyz O. V. Unconventional directions of monetary regulation in a turbulent global economy. Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo = Econimics, taxes & law. 2021;14(5):31–38. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26794/1999–849X‑2021–14–5–31–38
9. Chizhova M. K. Analysis of interest rate dynamics in the European Union countries. Ekonomika, predprinimatelstvo i parvo = Economics, entrepreneurship and law. 2023;13(9):3867–3880. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18334/epp.13.9.119053
10. Danilchenko A. V. Investor irrationality as a factor of financial market instability. Ekonomika, predprinimatelstvo i parvo = Economics, entrepreneurship and law. 2023;13(9):3829–3850. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18334/epp.13.9.119179
11. Shengelevich I. K., Lukashenko I. V. The main features of the monetary policy of the central bank of the Russian Federation, Great Britain, the USA and Australia. Moskovskij ekonomicheskij zhurnal = Moscow Economic Journal. 2021;(6):167–174. (In Russ.).
12. Chizhova M. K. International monetary liquidity: The impact of negative interest rates. Finansovyj biznes = Financial business. 2021;6(216):222–225. (In Russ.).
13. Baker S. R., Bloom N., Davis S. J. Measuring economic policy uncertainty. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2016;131(4):1593–1636. DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjw024
14. Danilchenko A. V. Effectiveness of post-crisis regulation of financial markets. Ekonomika, predprinimatelstvo i parvo = Economics, entrepreneurship and law. 2023;13(10):4461–4482. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18334/epp.13.10.119202
15. Khmyz O. V. Global monetary policy trends during the COVID‑19 pandemic and in the post-coronavirus perspective. Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo = Econimics, taxes & law. 2023;16(1):129–139. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26794/1999–849X‑2023–16–1–129–139
Review
For citations:
Khmyz O.V. The Duality of Modern Monetary Policy in Developed Countries. Economics, taxes & law. 2025;18(1):41-52. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26794/1999-849X-2025-18-1-41-52