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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">etl</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика. Налоги. Право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics, taxes &amp; law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-849X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1474</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/1999-849X-2022-15-3-6-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">etl-90</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМА ДНЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPIC OF THE DAY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неравенство и его влияние на экономическое развитие</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Inequality and its Impact on Economic Development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-7703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухарев</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukharev</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Сергеевич Сухарев — доктор экономических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Sukharev — Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Prof., Chief Researcher.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o_sukharev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт экономики Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сухарев О.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сухарев О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukharev O.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/90">https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/90</self-uri><abstract><p>Предмет исследования — социально-экономическое неравенство и его влияние на параметры экономического развития. Цели работы — выявление зависимости уровня неравенства от макроэкономических параметров развития: темпов роста, уровня национальной бедности, индекса человеческого развития, а также определение условий эффектов Сена и социальной стагнации. Методология исследования основывается на теории экономического развития, методах измерения развития и неравенства, сравнительном анализе, элементах математического моделирования. Результатом применения обозначенных методов исследования стало установление условия снижения уровня неравенства по фондовому коэффициенту для площадок «социальной стагнации», когда рост населения сопровождается отсутствием увеличения душевого дохода, вследствие чего темп роста населения становится ниже суммы темпов увеличения срединных доходов и доли доходов наиболее бедной части населения. В математическом виде представлено условие реализации эффекта Сена: отношение долей доходов 10% беднейшей части населения двух стран должно быть меньше обратного соотношения численности населения, если критерием социального развития выступает уровень дохода беднейшей части населения. Делается вывод о том, что какие бы формы неравенство не приобретало по величине дохода или имеющимся возможностям, оно в сильной степени зависит от величины личного располагаемого дохода, поскольку подавляющее большинство социальных и иных функций в обществе связаны с затратами. Такой результат исследования является следствием системного действия факторов и связаности многих видов неравенства друг с другом. Использование моделирования вряд ли позволяет решить эту проблему, создавая ей перманентную актуальность в связи с тем, что в политике делаются акценты на снижении бедности, но отнюдь не на неравенстве, хотя нужен именно акцент на последнем обстоятельстве.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of the study is socio–economic inequality in its impact on the parameters of economic development. The objectives of the work are to identify the dependence of the level of inequality on the macroeconomic parameters of development: the growth rate, the level of national poverty, the human development index, as well as to determine the conditions of the Hay effect and the effect of social stagnation. The research methodology is based on the theory of economic development, methods of measuring development and inequality, comparative analysis, elements of mathematical modeling. The result of the application of the indicated research methods was the establishment of a condition for reducing the level of inequality by the stock coefficient for the sites of “social stagnation”, when population growth is accompanied by the absence of an increase in per capita income, as a result of which the population growth rate becomes lower than the sum of the growth rates of median incomes and the income share of the poorest part of the population. The condition for the realization of the Sena effect is mathematically presented: the ratio of the income shares of 10% of the poorest part of the population of the two countries should be less than the inverse ratio of the population, if the criterion of social development is the income level of the poorest part of the population. It is concluded that whatever forms inequality acquires in terms of income or available opportunities, it is strongly determined by the amount of personal disposable income, since the vast majority of social and other functions in society are associated with costs. This result of the study is a consequence of the systemic action of factors and the connectivity of many types of inequality with each other. The use of modeling hardly makes it possible to solve this problem, creating permanent relevance to it due to the fact that policy focuses on reducing poverty, but not on inequality, although it is the latter circumstance that needs to be emphasized.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>неравенство по доходу</kwd><kwd>функциональное неравенство</kwd><kwd>бедность</kwd><kwd>коэффициент Джини</kwd><kwd>индекс человеческого развития</kwd><kwd>социальная политика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>income inequality</kwd><kwd>functional inequality</kwd><kwd>poverty</kwd><kwd>Gini coefficient</kwd><kwd>human development index</kwd><kwd>social policy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сухарев О. С. Социальная политика в решении проблемы неравенства и бедности. Экономика. Налоги. 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