<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">etl</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика. Налоги. Право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics, taxes &amp; law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-849X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1474</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/1999-849X-2025-18-6-141-149</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">etl-440</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Французский опыт построения экономики замкнутого цикла: правовой аспект</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The French Experience of Building a Closed-Loop Economy: The Legal Aspect</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-7530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колобов</surname><given-names>Р. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolobov</surname><given-names>R. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Юрьевич Колобов — кандидат юридических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman Yu. Kolobov — Cand. Sci. (Law), Assoc. Prof., Leading Researcher, Federal Research Center Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry named after A. E. Favorsky</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roman.kolobov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр «Иркутский институт химии им. А.Е. Фаворского Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry named after A.E. Favorsky, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>141</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колобов Р.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колобов Р.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolobov R.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/440">https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/440</self-uri><abstract><p>Объектом настоящего исследования являются политико-правовые основы воплощения принципов замкнутой экономики во Франции. Цель — выработка предложений по совершенствованию российского законодательства о построении экономики замкнутого цикла (далее — ЭЗЦ). При проведении исследования использован сравнительно-правовой метод. В числе поставленных задач — определение генезиса категории «экономика замкнутого цикла». Особую актуальность работы предопределило активное формирование российского законодательства о построении циркулярной экономики. В результате исследования выявлен общий международно-правовой контекст реализации концепции «экономика замкнутого цикла», выражающийся в целях устойчивого развития. Дана общая характеристика профильного законодательного регулирования во Франции. Проанализированы наиболее важные положения французского Закона 2020–105 от 10. 02. 2020 «О борьбе с бесхозяйственностью и экономике замкнутого цикла» (AGEC). Дана оценка французской системе возмещения потребителю расходов на ремонт отдельных видов товаров, а также мер, направленных на производство и потребление одноразовой пластиковой упаковки. Отмечена центральная роль института расширенной ответственности производителя (РОП) в обеспечении построения экономики замкнутого цикла во Франции и охарактеризованы ее основные элементы. Обращено внимание на значительное количество производственных отраслей в этой стране, подпадающих под систему расширенной ответственности производителя, а также на создание специальных эко-организаций, собирающих финансовые взносы хозяйствующих субъектов в целях реализации проектов по снижению образования отходов, их сортировке и утилизации. Исследован опыт французских городов по привлечению таких организаций к ликвидации несанкционированных свалок. Сделан вывод: успешность реализации отдельных мероприятий по построению экономики замкнутого цикла во многом зависит от выбора оптимальных юридических форм содействия развитию ЭЗЦ. Результаты исследования показали, что одной из основных таких форм является расширенная ответственность производителя.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The object of this research is the political and legal foundations of the implementation of the principles of a closed economy in France. The aim is to develop proposals for improving Russian legislation on building a closed–loop economy (hereinafter referred to as the CLE). The comparative legal method was used in the research. Among the tasks set is to determine the genesis of the “closed–loop economy” category. The special relevance of the work was determined by the active formation of Russian legislation on building a circular economy. As a result of the research, the general international legal context of the implementation of the concept of a “closed-loop economy”, expressed in the goals of sustainable development, has been identified. A general description of the relevant legislative regulation in France is given. The most important provisions of the French Law 2020–105 of February 10, 2020 “On Combating Mismanagement and the Closed-loop Economy” (AGEC) are analyzed. An assessment is given of the French system of consumer reimbursement for the repair of certain types of goods, as well as measures aimed at the production and consumption of single-use plastic packaging. The central role of the institute of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) in ensuring the construction of a closed-loop economy in France is noted and its main elements are characterized. Attention is drawn to a significant number of manufacturing industries in this country that fall under the extended producer responsibility system, as well as to the creation of special eco-organizations that collect financial contributions from business entities in order to implement projects to reduce waste generation, sort and dispose of it. The experience of French cities in attracting such organizations to eliminate unauthorized landfills is studied. The conclusion is drawn: the success of the implementation of individual measures to build a closed-loop economy largely depends on the choice of optimal legal forms of assistance to the development of CLE. The results of the study showed that one of the main such forms is the extended responsibility of the manufacturer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономика замкнутого цикла</kwd><kwd>циркулярная экономика</kwd><kwd>Экологический кодекс Франции</kwd><kwd>AGEC</kwd><kwd>отходы</kwd><kwd>расширенная ответственность производителя</kwd><kwd>эко-организации</kwd><kwd>индекс ремонтопригодности</kwd><kwd>индекс устойчивости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>closed-loop economy</kwd><kwd>circular economy</kwd><kwd>French Environmental Code</kwd><kwd>AGEC</kwd><kwd>waste</kwd><kwd>extended producer responsibility</kwd><kwd>eco-organizations</kwd><kwd>maintainability index</kwd><kwd>sustainability index</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках исполнения государственного задания РАН № 125013001144-6 ФИЦ «Иркутский институт химии им. А. Е. Фаворского Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Иркутск, Российская Федерация.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted within the framework of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ State Assignment No. 125013001144-6 by the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casson C. et al. Lessons from English pre-industrial times for a post-industrial circular economy. Resources Conservation and Recyclling. 2023. 193. art. 106968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casson C. et al. Lessons from English pre-industrial times for a post-industrial circular economy. Resources Conservation and Recyclling. 2023. 193. art. 106968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aggeri F. From waste to urban mines: A historical perspective on the circular economy: Special Issue 23. Field Actions Science Repeports. 2021. Special Issue. 23:10–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aggeri F. From waste to urban mines: A historical perspective on the circular economy: Special Issue 23. Field Actions Science Repeports. 2021. Special Issue. 23:10–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pahun J., Eve F., Daviron B. De quoi la bioéconomie est-elle le nom? Genèse d’un nouveau référentiel d’action publique. Natures Sciences Sociétés.2018;26(1):3–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pahun J., Eve F., Daviron B. De quoi la bioéconomie est-elle le nom? Genèse d’un nouveau référentiel d’action publique. Natures Sciences Sociétés.2018;26(1):3–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erkman S. Industrial ecology: An historical view. Journal of Cleaner Production. 1997;5(1–2):1–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erkman S. Industrial ecology: An historical view. Journal of Cleaner Production. 1997;5(1–2):1–10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murray A., Skene K., Haynes K. The Circular economy: An interdisciplinary exploration of the concept and application in a global context. Journal of Business Ethics. 2017;140(3):369–380.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murray A., Skene K., Haynes K. The Circular economy: An interdisciplinary exploration of the concept and application in a global context. Journal of Business Ethics. 2017;140(3):369–380.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boulding K. E. The economics of the coming spaceship earth. In: Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy. H. Jarrett (ed.) 1966. Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy. pp. 3–14. Baltimore, MD: Resources for the Future/Johns Hopkins University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boulding K. E. The economics of the coming spaceship earth. In: Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy. H. Jarrett (ed.) 1966. Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy. pp. 3–14. Baltimore, MD: Resources for the Future/Johns Hopkins University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stahel W., Reday-Mulvey G. Jobs for tomorrow: The potential for substituting manpower for energy. 1981. Vantage Press, N.Y. 116 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stahel W., Reday-Mulvey G. Jobs for tomorrow: The potential for substituting manpower for energy. 1981. Vantage Press, N.Y. 116 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pearce D. W., Turner R. K. Economics of natural resources and the environment. 3. Dr. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press; 1994. 378 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pearce D. W., Turner R. K. Economics of natural resources and the environment. 3. Dr. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press; 1994. 378 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andersen M. S. An introductory note on the environmental economics of the circular economy. Sustainability Science. 2007;2(1):133–140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andersen M. S. An introductory note on the environmental economics of the circular economy. Sustainability Science. 2007;2(1):133–140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xue B. et al. Survey of officials’ awareness on circular economy development in China: Based on municipal and county level. Resources Conservation and Recyclling. 2010;54(12):1296–1302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xue B. et al. Survey of officials’ awareness on circular economy development in China: Based on municipal and county level. Resources Conservation and Recyclling. 2010;54(12):1296–1302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDowall W. et al. Circular economy policies in China and Europe. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2017;21(3):651–661.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDowall W. et al. Circular economy policies in China and Europe. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2017;21(3):651–661.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгушин А. Б. Построение экономики замкнутого цикла в советский период. Московский Экономический Журнал. 2022;7(11):159–172. Dolgushin A. B. Building a closed-loop economy in the Soviet period. Moskovskiy Ekonomicheskiy Zhurnal = Moscow Economic Journal. 2022;7(11):159–172. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Долгушин А. Б. Построение экономики замкнутого цикла в советский период. Московский Экономический Журнал. 2022;7(11):159–172. Dolgushin A. B. Building a closed-loop economy in the Soviet period. Moskovskiy Ekonomicheskiy Zhurnal = Moscow Economic Journal. 2022;7(11):159–172. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calisto Friant M., Vermeulen W. J.V., Salomone R. Analysing European Union circular economy policies: Words versus actions. Sustainable Production and Consumumption. 2021;27:337–353.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calisto Friant M., Vermeulen W. J.V., Salomone R. Analysing European Union circular economy policies: Words versus actions. Sustainable Production and Consumumption. 2021;27:337–353.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eickhoff H. The appeal of the circular economy revisited: On track for transformative change or enabler of moral licensing? Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 2024;11(1) art. 301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eickhoff H. The appeal of the circular economy revisited: On track for transformative change or enabler of moral licensing? Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 2024;11(1) art. 301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrante M., Vitti M., Sassanelli C. The evolution of circular economy performance assessment: A systematic literature review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2025; 217. art. 115757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrante M., Vitti M., Sassanelli C. The evolution of circular economy performance assessment: A systematic literature review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2025; 217. art. 115757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fressoz J. B. Sabine Barles, L’invention des déchets urbains. France, 1790–1970 Seyssel, 2011; 66(1):320–322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fressoz J. B. Sabine Barles, L’invention des déchets urbains. France, 1790–1970 Seyssel, 2011; 66(1):320–322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandras A. Eugène Poubelle mis en boîte. Histoire Urbaine. 2011;31(2):69–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandras A. Eugène Poubelle mis en boîte. Histoire Urbaine. 2011;31(2):69–91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steinfeld N. Étymologie-origine, étymologie-histoire et déonomastiques: le cas de poubelle (avec une annonce de la création de la base des mots fantômes). XXVe CILPR Congrès International de Linguistique et de Philologie Romanes ed. Iliescu M., Siller-Runggaldier H., Danler P. De Gruyter, 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steinfeld N. Étymologie-origine, étymologie-histoire et déonomastiques: le cas de poubelle (avec une annonce de la création de la base des mots fantômes). XXVe CILPR Congrès International de Linguistique et de Philologie Romanes ed. Iliescu M., Siller-Runggaldier H., Danler P. De Gruyter, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holden E., Linnerud K., Banister D. Sustainable development: Our Common Future revisited. Global Environmental Change. 2014;26:130–139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holden E., Linnerud K., Banister D. Sustainable development: Our Common Future revisited. Global Environmental Change. 2014;26:130–139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hales R., Birdthistle N. The Sustainable Development Goals — SDG#12 Responsible Consumption and Production. Attaining the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal of Responsible Consumption and Production. Birdthistle N., Hales R. Emerald Publishing Limited; 2023:1–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hales R., Birdthistle N. The Sustainable Development Goals — SDG#12 Responsible Consumption and Production. Attaining the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal of Responsible Consumption and Production. Birdthistle N., Hales R. Emerald Publishing Limited; 2023:1–10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">García-Velasco Garzás M., Ruiz-Fuensanta M. J. Analysing the expansion of the circular economy in the European Union: How important is the regional context? Ecological Economics. 2025;231, art. 108560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">García-Velasco Garzás M., Ruiz-Fuensanta M. J. Analysing the expansion of the circular economy in the European Union: How important is the regional context? Ecological Economics. 2025;231, art. 108560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernandez R. J., Miranda C., Goñi J. Empowering sustainable consumption by giving back to consumers the ‘right to repair’. Sustainability. 2020;12(3). art. 850.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernandez R. J., Miranda C., Goñi J. Empowering sustainable consumption by giving back to consumers the ‘right to repair’. Sustainability. 2020;12(3). art. 850.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kibert N. C. Extended producer responsibility: A tool for achieving sustainable development. Journal of Land Use &amp; Environmental Law. 2004;19(2):503–523.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kibert N. C. Extended producer responsibility: A tool for achieving sustainable development. Journal of Land Use &amp; Environmental Law. 2004;19(2):503–523.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campbell-Johnston K. et al. Future perspectives on the role of extended producer responsibility within a circular economy: A Delphi study using the case of the Netherlands. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2021;30(8):4054–4067.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campbell-Johnston K. et al. Future perspectives on the role of extended producer responsibility within a circular economy: A Delphi study using the case of the Netherlands. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2021;30(8):4054–4067.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Micheaux H. La gestion des déchets et la responsabilité élargie du producteur, un modèle français qui fait référence. Le Journal de l’École de Paris du management. 2020:146(6):23–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Micheaux H. La gestion des déchets et la responsabilité élargie du producteur, un modèle français qui fait référence. Le Journal de l’École de Paris du management. 2020:146(6):23–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cullen N. From Lightbulbs to #Sheinhauls: Considerations for Planned Obsolescence Regulation in the Modern Era. Washington Law Review. 2024;99(2).art. 607.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cullen N. From Lightbulbs to #Sheinhauls: Considerations for Planned Obsolescence Regulation in the Modern Era. Washington Law Review. 2024;99(2).art. 607.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
