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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">etl</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика. Налоги. Право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics, taxes &amp; law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-849X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1474</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/1999-849X-2025-18-3-67-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">etl-333</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дисбаланс на рынке жилья, системный риск  и регуляторная практика</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Housing market imbalance, systemic risk  and regulatory Practices</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1476-7889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печалова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechalova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Юрьевна Печалова —  кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры банковского дела и монетарного регулирования</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria Yu. Pechalova —  Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof. of Department of Banking and Monetary Regulation</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MPechalova@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Печалова М.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Печалова М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pechalova M.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/333">https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/333</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность статьи обусловлена малоизученностью проблемы ценового дисбаланса на первичном и вторичном рынках жилой недвижимости и потребностью осмысления влияния затянувшихся антикризисных мер в ипотечном сегменте рынка недвижимости на обеспечение доступности жилья, риски банковской системы и регуляторную практику Центрального банка. Предмет исследования — поведение российских банков на рынке ипотечного кредитования в 2020–2024 гг. Цели работы — выявление причин возникновения ценового дисбаланса на первичном и вторичном рынках недвижимости, а также осуществление оценки эффективности макропруденциальных и денежно-кредитных мер регулирования в период действия широкомасштабной программы безадресной льготной ипотеки. На основе проведенного анализа сделаны выводы о том, что, во-первых, программы льготной ипотеки увеличили только на короткий срок доступность жилья для населения, тогда как с ростом спроса на новостройки и цен на них бенефициарами продления программы государственной поддержки стали застройщики и кредитующие банки; во-вторых, кредитный бум и несбалансированный рост цен на строящееся и готовое жилье привели к появлению признаков пузыря на рынке жилой недвижимости; в-третьих, риски в банковских кредитных портфелях начали накапливаться из-за снижения банками первоначального взноса на жилье по ипотеке, вовлечения в ипотечное кредитование высокорискованных групп заемщиков, значительного удлинения сроков кредитования и переоцененных залогов, в-четвертых, одновременное предоставление ипотечным заемщикам дополнительных кредитов другими банками увеличило системный риск; наконец, в-пятых, в условиях уверенного роста темпа инфляции в сочетании с перегревом кредитного рынка высокая доля кредитов с субсидируемой процентной ставкой в банковских портфелях значительно ослабила импульсы монетарного регулирования, и в результате рестриктивные макропруденциальные меры оказались более эффективными, чем повышение ключевой ставки Центральным банком.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of the topic of the article is due to its lack of research and the need to understand the impact of prolonged anti-crisis measures on housing affordability. The subject of the study is the imbalance between the primary and secondary housing markets. The objectives of the work are to identify the causes of price imbalances in the primary and secondary residential real estate markets in 2020–2024, the accumulation of systemic risk in the banking system due to the rapid growth in mortgage loans and to establish the effectiveness of macroprudential and monetary regulatory measures during the period of the large–scale non-targeted preferential mortgage program. It is proved that the credit boom and the unbalanced rise in prices for housing under construction and ready-made housing have led to the appearance of signs of a bubble in the residential real estate market. At the same time, risks began to accumulate in bank loan portfolios due to the involvement of high-risk groups of borrowers in mortgage lending, lower down payments, significantly extended loan terms and overvalued collateral. The increase in the creditworthiness of mortgage borrowers, and simultaneously by several banks. It has been demonstrated that due to the high proportion of loans with subsidized interest rates in bank portfolios, which weaken the impulses of monetary regulation, macroprudential measures have a greater impact on banks’ activities than an increase in the key interest rate.</p><p> Based on a systematic analysis of statistical data, materials from the Bank of Russia and economic publications, it was concluded that preferential mortgage programs have increased housing affordability for the population only for a short period of time, whereas with increasing demand for new buildings and prices for them, developers and lending banks have become beneficiaries of the extension of the state support program.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>доступность жилья</kwd><kwd>льготная ипотека</kwd><kwd>кредитный бум</kwd><kwd>ипотечный пузырь</kwd><kwd>системный риск</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>housing affordability</kwd><kwd>preferential mortgages</kwd><kwd>credit boom</kwd><kwd>mortgage bubble</kwd><kwd>systemic risk</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cantú C., Cavallino P., De Fiore F., Yetman J. 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