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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">etl</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика. Налоги. Право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics, taxes &amp; law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-849X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1474</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">etl-241</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАЛОГИ И НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TAXES AND TAXATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Опыт оценки налоговой политики на основе OLG-моделей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experience in Assessing Tax Policy Based on OLG Models</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5688-8269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олеся Владимировна Полякова — младший научный сотрудник Института исследований социально-экономических трансформаций и финансовой политики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya V. Polyakova — Junior Researcher at the Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Transformations and Financial Policy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">280787@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет, Москва, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>160</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полякова О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полякова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polyakova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/241">https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/241</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях обновления налоговой системы в Российской Федерации с 2025 г. особую актуальность получает тема оценки влияния изменения порядка налогообложения на благосостояние различных групп населения и общества в целом. В статье рассматривается международный опыт анализа эффектов от налоговой политики на основе OLG-моделей (моделей перекрывающихся поколений) с учетом уровня производительности труда физических лиц, их образования, достатка и продолжительности жизни. Показано, что переход к прогрессивной шкале налогообложения доходов физических лиц обусловливает необходимость выбора между снижением социального неравенства и экономическим ростом. Прогрессивное налогообложение уменьшает стимулы к труду для высокооплачиваемых работников. Рост налогов на капитал не способствует инвестированию и ускорению экономического роста, но может снижать социальное неравенство в случае направления сумм, получаемых от дополнительных налоговых сборов, на социальные нужды. Приводятся значения оптимальных предельных налоговых ставок на доходы в зависимости от конкретных параметров выбранной модели налогообложения. С учетом реалий последних лет делается вывод о том, что нагрузка на бюджет возрастает, вынуждая руководство стран повышать налоги. Однако эффективность претворения в жизнь этой меры во многом зависит от структуры перераспределения дополнительных налоговых поступлений, о чем свидетельствует большинство исследований: если в краткосрочной перспективе влияние на экономический рост от перехода к прогрессивной системе налогообложения слабо негативное, эффект от изменения порядка налогообложения в долгосрочной перспективе зависит от действенности перераспределения дополнительных бюджетных доходов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the context of the renewal of the tax system in the Russian Federation from 2025, the topic of assessing the impact of changes in the taxation procedure on the well-being of various groups of the population and society as a whole has become particularly relevant. The article examines the international experience of analyzing the effects of tax policy based on OLG models of overlapping generations, taking into account the level of labor productivity of individuals, their education, wealth and life expectancy. It is shown that the transition to a progressive scale of taxation of personal income necessitates a choice between reducing social inequality and economic growth. Progressive taxation reduces the incentives for high-paid workers to work. An increase in taxes on capital does not contribute to investment and accelerate economic growth, but it can reduce social inequality if the amounts received from additional tax collections are directed to social transfers. The values of the optimal marginal tax rates on income are given, depending on the specific parameters of the chosen taxation model. Taking into account the realities of recent years, it is concluded that the burden on the budget is increasing, forcing the leadership of countries to raise taxes. However, the effectiveness of implementing this measure largely depends on the structure of the redistribution of additional tax revenues, as evidenced by most studies: if in the short term the impact on economic growth from the transition to a progressive tax system is weakly negative, the effect of changing the taxation order in the long term depends entirely on the effectiveness of the redistribution of additional budget revenues.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>OLG-модели</kwd><kwd>налоговая политика</kwd><kwd>эффективность бюджетной политики</kwd><kwd>модель перерывающихся поколений</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>OLG models</kwd><kwd>tax policy</kwd><kwd>efficiency of budget policy</kwd><kwd>model of intermittent generations</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию Финуниверситету на 2024 г. Финансовый университет, Москва, Россия.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budgetary funds according to the state assignment of the Financial University for 2024. Financial University, Moscow, Russia.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Auerbach A.J., Kotlikoff L.J. National savings, economic welfare, and the structure of taxation. Behavioral simulation methods in tax policy analysis. University of Chicago Press; 1983:459–498.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Auerbach A.J., Kotlikoff L.J. National savings, economic welfare, and the structure of taxation. Behavioral simulation methods in tax policy analysis. 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