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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">etl</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика. Налоги. Право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics, taxes &amp; law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-849X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1474</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/1999-849X-2024-17-3-149-155</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">etl-171</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нарушение западными странами права ВТО на свободу международного транзита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Violation by Western Countries of the WTO Right to Freedom of International Transit</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-4992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кауракова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaurakova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Викторовна Кауракова — кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры правового регулирования экономической деятельности, ФУ, Москва, Россия; эксперт Российского газового общества.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Kurakova – Cand. Sci. (Law), Assoc. Prof. of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activity, Financial University, Moscow, Russia; expert of the Russian Gas Society.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MVKaurakova@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>149</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кауракова М.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кауракова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kaurakova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/171">https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/171</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что несмотря на то, что в ч. 2 ст. 5 Генерального соглашения по тарифам и торговле (ГАТТ 1947), являющегося неотъемлемой частью Генерального соглашения по тарифам и торговле 1994 г. (ГАТТ 1994), предусмотрена свобода транзита, она существенно ограничена в настоящее время в силу сложной геополитической обстановки в нарушение прав членов ВТО. Такая ситуация вызывает у общественности чувство социальной тревоги прежде всего потому, что вследствие международного разделения труда развитие как мировой, так и национальных экономик; во многом зависит от правопорядков, регулирующих транзитное перемещение товаров, услуг, капитала и технологий. По этой причине упрощение процедуры транзита или обеспечение его свободы являются одними из основных условий повышения жизненного уровня людей, увеличения занятости и существенного роста реальных доходов населения. Предмет исследования — нормы международного и национального права в сфере обеспечения свободы международного транзита. Цель работы — установление роли и значения ВТО в национальных правовых системах, в которых принимаются и действуют меры, прямо противоположные установлениям ВТО. В рамках исследования рассмотрены особенности толкования и применения норм права ВТО, не допускающих освобождение от ответственности в случае ограничения и запрета транзита через договаривающиеся государства посредством действия отдельных актов внутреннего либо международного права. Сделан вывод о том, что, несмотря на некогда достигнутую победу интернационализма над национализмом в сфере международной торговли, введение односторонних мер давления, ограничивающих свободу транзита, свидетельствует о преобладании национализма в указанной сфере, что препятствует эффективному развитию мировой экономики в условиях современных мегатрендов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of the study is due to the fact that despite the fact that Part 2 of Article 5 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1947), which is an integral part of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of 1994 (GATT 1994), provides for freedom of transit, it is significantly limited at present due to the difficult geopolitical situation in violation of the rights of WTO members. This situation causes a sense of social anxiety among the public, primarily because, as a result of the international division of labor, the development of both global and national economies largely depends on the rule of law governing the transit movement of goods, services, capital and technology. For this reason, simplifying the transit procedure or ensuring its freedom is one of the main conditions for improving people’s living standards, increasing employment and significantly increasing real incomes of the population. The subject of the study is the norms of international and national law in the field of ensuring freedom of international transit. The purpose of the work is to establish the role and importance of the WTO in national legal systems in which measures are taken and applied that are directly opposite to the WTO regulations. The study examines the specifics of the interpretation and application of WTO law, which do not allow exemption from liability in case of restriction and prohibition of transit through contracting States through the operation of certain acts of domestic or international law. It is concluded that, despite the once achieved victory of internationalism over nationalism in the field of international trade, the introduction of unilateral pressure measures restricting freedom of transit indicates the predominance of the latter in this area, which hinders the effective development of the world economy in the conditions of modern megatrends.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международное торговое право</kwd><kwd>интернационализм</kwd><kwd>национализм</kwd><kwd>наднациональность</kwd><kwd>свобода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international trade law</kwd><kwd>internationalism</kwd><kwd>nationalism</kwd><kwd>supranationality</kwd><kwd>freedom of transit</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ануфриева Л. П., Жданов В. А., Калиниченко П. А. и др. Право ВТО: теория и практика применения. 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