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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">etl</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика. Налоги. Право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics, taxes &amp; law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-849X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1474</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/1999-849X-2024-17-3-58-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">etl-163</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Повышение надежности и эффективности функционирования транспортных систем в результате понижения их аварийности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Improving the Reliability and Efficiency of Transport Systems as a Result of Reducing their Accident Rate</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0405-5450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелехина</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melekhina</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Леонидовна Мелехина — кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, заместитель руководителя кафедры математики по учебной работе факультета информационных технологий и анализа больших данных.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana L. Melekhina — Cand. Sci. (Phys.— Math.), Assoc. Prof., Deputy Head of the Mathematics Department for Academic Affairs, Faculty of Information Technology and Big Data Analysis.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">TMelehina@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9731-8044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochetkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артур Андреевич Кочетков — старший преподаватель кафедры математики факультета информационных технологий и анализа больших данных.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artur A. Kochetkov — Senior Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Information Technology and Big Data Analysis.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AKochetkov@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мелехина Т.Л., Кочетков А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мелехина Т.Л., Кочетков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melekhina T.L., Kochetkov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/163">https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/163</self-uri><abstract><p>Предмет исследования — состояние аварийности в транспортном секторе экономики Российской Федерации.</p><p>Цели работы — выдвижение предложений по совершенствованию методики оценки аварийности на предприятиях транспортного сектора и выявление новых типов аварий, возникающих на транспорте в результате изменений в технологиях, процессах и общественных условиях, для установления оптимальных путей снижения наносимого ущерба. Выявлена разница в трактовке понятий «аварийность» и «ущерб» на транспорте.</p><p>Практическая значимость исследования заключается в составлении типологии аварий, что позволяет намечать ряд планово-предупредительных мероприятий и тем самым предотвращать наступление экономического ущерба.</p><p>Охарактеризована методология оценки аварийности на транспортных предприятиях. Установлены причины аварийности транспортных систем. Определены меры, направленные на снижение аварийности, способствующие повышению надежности транспортных систем и увеличению эффективности их функционирования. При оценке характера аварий учтены локальный и региональный аспекты использования транспортных систем, определяющие их текущее состояние и готовность к применению. Дана авторская классификация аварий.</p><p>Сделаны выводы о необходимости введения единой комплексной программы антиаварийных мер для каждого отдельно взятого транспортного сектора.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of the study is the state of accidents in the transport sector of the economy of the Russian Federation.</p><p>The objectives of the work are to put forward proposals to improve the methodology for assessing accidents and damage at enterprises in the transport sector and to identify new types of accidents that occur in transport as a result of changes in technologies, processes and social conditions, in order to establish optimal ways to reduce the damage caused. The difference in the interpretation of the concepts of “accident rate” and “damage” in transport has been revealed.</p><p>The practical significance of the study lies in the compilation of a typology of accidents, which makes it possible to plan a number of planned preventive measures and thereby prevent the onset of economic damage.</p><p>The methodology of accident assessment at transport enterprises is characterized. The causes of the accident of transport systems have been established. Measures aimed at reducing accidents have been identified, contributing to improving the reliability of transport systems and increasing the efficiency of their operation. When assessing the nature of accidents, local and regional aspects of the use of transport systems are taken into account, determining their current state and readiness for use. The author’s classification of accidents is given.</p><p>Conclusions are drawn about the need to introduce a single comprehensive program of anti-accident measures for each individual transport sector.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аварийность на транспорте</kwd><kwd>транспортные компании</kwd><kwd>транспортные системы</kwd><kwd>классификация аварий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>accidents in transport</kwd><kwd>transport companies</kwd><kwd>transport systems</kwd><kwd>classification of accidents</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jaynes Edwin J. Prior probabilities. Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics, 1968;4(3):227–241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jaynes Edwin J. Prior probabilities. 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