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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">etl</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика. Налоги. Право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics, taxes &amp; law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-849X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1474</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/1999-849X-2023-16-5-125-136</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">etl-157</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАЛОГИ И НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TAXES AND TAXATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Теория и практика определения действительного налогового обязательства индивидуального предпринимателя по НДФЛ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theory and Practice of Determining the Actual Tax Liability of an Individual Entrepreneur on Personal Income Tax</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7257-2978</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Владимирович Ильин - кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры конституционного и муниципального права</p><p>Новосибирс</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Ilyin - Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof. of Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ilinav2007@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Сибирский институт управления - филиал РАНХиГС<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Siberian Institute of Management - Branch of RANEPA<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ильин А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ильин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ilyin A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/157">https://etl.fa.ru/jour/article/view/157</self-uri><abstract><p>Предмет исследования — механизм исчисления налоговыми органами НДФЛ для индивидуальных предпринимателей, применяемый в налоговой системе России при осуществлении налогового контроля. Автор выполняет аналитическую задачу, состоящую в формулировании актуальной и острой проблемы завышенного исчисления налоговыми органами НДФЛ для индивидуальных предпринимателей, и устанавливает оптимальный путь ее решения, что является целью работы. В ходе исследования на основе рассмотрения результатов налогообложения индивидуальных предпринимателей, анализа нормативно-правовой базы выяснено, что при осуществлении налогового контроля налоговые органы не в полной мере учитывают расходы индивидуальных предпринимателей, что становится причиной искусственного завышения для них чистого дохода и, следовательно, экономически необоснованного налогообложения. Таким образом, установлено, что практика налогового контроля вступают в противоречие с теорией налогообложения. В статье сделаны выводы о том, что должно быть исключено из практики налогообложения индивидуальных предпринимателей произвольное манипулирование расходами со стороны налоговых органов, превращающее зачастую НДФЛ в налог с валового дохода. Для этого предложено упразднить положение Налогового кодекса Российской Федерации о 20%-ном профессиональном налоговом вычете по НДФЛ для индивидуальных предпринимателей и использовать вместо него расчетный метод при определении их доходов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of the study is the mechanism for calculating personal income tax by tax authorities for individual entrepreneurs, used in the tax system of Russia in the implementation of tax control. The author solved an analytical problem consisting in the formulation of an urgent and acute problem of excessive calculation of personal income tax by tax authorities for individual entrepreneurs, and determined the optimal way to eliminate it.The purpose of the work is to establish the optimal way to solve the problem of excessive calculation of personal income tax by tax authorities in relation to individual entrepreneurs in the implementation of tax control. In the course of the study, based on the consideration of the results of taxation of individual entrepreneurs, analysis of the regulatory framework, it was found out that when tax control is carried out, the tax authorities do not fully take into account the expenses of individual entrepreneurs, which causes artificial overestimation of net income for them and, consequently, economically unjustified taxation. Thus, it is established that the practice of tax control contradicts the theory of taxation.The article concludes that arbitrary manipulation of expenses by the tax authorities, which often turns personal income tax into a tax on gross income, should be excluded from the practice of taxation of individual entrepreneurs. To do this, it is proposed to abolish the provision of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation on the 20% professional personal income tax deduction for individual entrepreneurs and use the calculation method instead when determining their income.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>профессиональный налоговый вычет</kwd><kwd>действительное налоговое обязательство</kwd><kwd>налогообложение доходов индивидуального предпринимателя</kwd><kwd>расчетный метод</kwd><kwd>индивидуальные предприниматели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>professional tax deduction</kwd><kwd>valid tax liability</kwd><kwd>taxation of income of an individual entrepreneur</kwd><kwd>calculation method</kwd><kwd>individual entrepreneurs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tervo H. Regional unemployment, self-employment and family background. 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